A low-cost feed is not necessarily economical, and a dense formulation is not necessarily successful. From 6 to 30 kg, the program must protect intake and gut stability while progressively reducing unnecessary complexity and cost.

Three phases, three different jobs

PhasePrimary taskMain risks
6–9 kgProtect intake and the post-weaning transitionLow intake, digestive instability, abrupt raw-material change
9–15 kgBuild stable growth without losing gut safetyExcess protein, poor digestibility, inconsistent phase change
15–30 kgConvert feed efficiently at controlled costEnergy–amino acid imbalance, health pressure, feed waste

Formulate with digestible nutrients and actual intake

Crude protein alone does not describe protein quality. SID lysine and the ratios of methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine must be considered together with energy, available phosphorus, calcium, sodium, chloride and potassium. The target must reflect actual feed intake and genetic potential.

Control the non-formulation factors

Water flow, feeder adjustment, temperature, stocking, hygiene, health status and the timing of diet changes frequently explain more variation than a small difference in calculated nutrient density.

Use one economic denominator

Compare programs by feed cost per kilogram gain and by pigs reaching the target weight on time — not only by feed price per kilogram. Working targets such as 480–500 g/day ADG and 1.65–1.75 FCR must be interpreted against farm health, starting weight and cycle length.

Decision rule

Keep complexity where it protects intake and health; remove it only when the piglet, raw materials and farm conditions allow the change.